Adult Development and Aging,9780070487567

Adult Development and Aging

by
ISBN13: 9780070487567
ISBN10: 0070487561
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1996-01-01
Publisher(s): MCGRAW
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Summary

Papalia's Adult Development and Aging delivers the most current research findings in the field while providing a clear and concise writing style praised by students and instructors. The Third Edition provides a positive perspective on adult development and aging, enhanced by strong multicultural and diversity coverage. The Third Edition includes new content on younger and middle-aged adults, providing a better balance between adulthood and aging.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes
xi
Preface xiii
To The Student xvii
PART ONE EXPLORING THE WORLD OF ADULTHOOD 1(74)
Adult Development and Aging in A Changing World
2(34)
Focus
3(2)
Betty Friedan
Approaching the Study of Adult Development and Aging: An Overview
5(4)
What is Adult Development?
How the Study of Adult Development and Aging Evolved
A Lifespan Developmental Approach
Basic Concepts
9(9)
Aspects of Development
Periods of Adulthood
Meanings of Age
Influences on the Course of Adult Development and Aging
Changing Images and Realities of Aging
18(15)
Cultural Views of Aging
The Shifting Demographics of Aging
The Aging Population: A Profile of Diversity
Challenges and Dilemmas of a Graying World
New Roles for Older Adults
Summary
33(1)
Key Terms
34(2)
Metatheoretical Perspectives and Research Methods
36(39)
Focus
37(2)
Erik H. Erikson
Metatheories
39(7)
Three Metatheories: Mechanistic, Organismic, and Contextual
Applying Metatheories
Basic Research Methods
46(8)
Sampling
Data Collection
Basic Research Designs
54(7)
Case Studies
Correlational Studies
Experiments
Quasi-Experimental Designs: The Problem of Internal Validity
61(7)
Cross-Sectional Studies
Longitudinal Studies
Time-Lag Studies
Sequential Designs
Ethics of Research
68(3)
Summary
71(2)
Key Terms
73(2)
PART TWO THE WORLDS OF BODY AND MIND 75(204)
Longevity and Physiological Aging
76(38)
Focus
77(2)
Martha Graham
Lifespan and the Aging Process
79(11)
Trends in Life Expectancy
How Far Can the Human Lifespan Be Extended?
Quality versus Quantity of Life
Theories of Biological Aging
Predicting Individual Longevity
Physical Appearance
90(2)
Sensorimotor Functioning
92(12)
Vision
Hearing
Taste and Smell
Touch, Pain, and Temperature
Motor Functions
Sexual and Reproductive Functioning
104(8)
The Female Reproductive System
The Male Reproductive System
Sexuality and Aging
Summary
112(1)
Key Terms
113(1)
Health and Body Systems
114(44)
Focus
115(4)
Stephen Hawking
Health and Aging: A Lifespan Developmental Approach
119(4)
Changes in Body Systems
123(13)
Skeletal System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Immune System
Neurological System
``Dread Diseases'' of Aging
136(7)
Alzheimer's Disease
Cancer: A Disorder of Many Systems
Indirect Influences on Health
143(4)
Age and Gender
Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Ethnicity
Relationships
Factors in Maintaining and Improving Health
147(7)
Harmful Substances
Stress
Diet
Dental Care
Exercise
Summary
154(3)
Key Terms
157(1)
Memory
158(40)
Focus
159(2)
Laurence Olivier
Studying Memory Systems
161(1)
Information-Processing Approach: Software of Memory
162(14)
Processes: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
``Storehouses'': Sensory, Short-Term, and Long-Term
Aging and Long-Term Memory: Stability or Decline?
Summing Up: Memory and Age
Biological Approach: Hardware of Memory
176(6)
Structures Controlling Conscious Memory
Structures Controlling Unconscious Memory
New Directions for Research
182(1)
Aspects of Memory and Forgetting in Adulthood
183(11)
Intrusion Errors: Remembering What Did Not Happen
Prospective Memory: Remembering to Do Something
Production Deficiencies in Strategies for Remembering
Metamemory: The View from Within
Mnemonics: Making the Most of Changing Memory
Forgetting and Its Surprising Benefits
Summary
194(2)
Key Terms
196(2)
Intelligence and Creativity
198(42)
Focus
199(2)
Akira Kurosawa
Intelligence and Its Measurement: The Psychometric Approach
201(9)
What Is Intelligence?
Intelligence Tests and Scores
Tests and Cultural Bias
Influences on Older Adults' Test Performance
Psychometric Testing: A Preliminary Evaluation
Intellectual Development in Adulthood: Basic Issues
210(17)
Is Intelligence One Ability or Many?
Does Intelligence Grow or Decline during Adulthood?
Do Changes in Intelligence Vary?
Does Intelligence Show Plasticity?
Summing Up: Intelligence and Age
Creativity
227(10)
What Is Creativity?
Studying and Measuring Creativity
Creativity and Age
Summary
237(2)
Key Terms
239(1)
Mature Thought, Wisdom, and Moral Intelligence
240(39)
FOCUS
241(2)
Nelson Mandela
The Role of Experience
243(5)
Applying Expertise
Solving Everyday Problems
Thinking Integratively
Postformal Thought: Beyond Piaget's Stages
248(6)
How Postformal Thought Develops
Social Reasoning and Postformal Thought
Cultural Change and Postformal Thought
Criteria for Postformal Thought
A Lifespan Model of Cognitive Development
254(1)
Wisdom
255(10)
Wisdom in Folklore, Myth, and Philosophy
Psychological Concepts and Assessments
Summing Up: Wisdom and Age
Moral Development
265(9)
Kohlberg's Theory: Moral Reasoning
Gilligan's Theory: Gender and Postformal Morality
Evaluating Kohlberg's and Gilligan's Theories
Intelligence, Creativity, Wisdom, and Moral Development: A Last Word
274(2)
Summary
276(2)
Key Terms
278(1)
PART THREE THE SOCIAL WORLD 279(122)
Education, Work, Leisure, and Retirement
280(40)
FOCUS
281(3)
Jimmy Carter
Education
284(5)
College
Lifelong Learning
Adult Illiteracy
Work and Leisure
289(15)
Vocational Choice and Career Development
Changing Occupational Patterns
Age and Job Performance
Occupational Stress
Unemployment
Work, Leisure, and Intellectual Growth
Retirement and Other Late-Life Options
304(14)
To Retire or Not to Retire
Financing Retirement
Preparing for Retirement
How Do Retired People Use Their Time?
How Does Retirement Affect Well-Being?
How Does Retirement Affect Society?
Summary
318(1)
Key Terms
319(1)
Intimate Relationships and Lifestyles
320(40)
FOCUS
321(2)
Louise Erdrich
Michael Dorris
Foundations of Intimate Relationships
323(6)
Friendship
Love
Sexuality
Nonmarital Lifestyle
329(3)
Single Life
Homosexual Relationships
Cohabitation
Marital and Postmarital Lifestyles
332(11)
Marriage
Divorce and Remarriage
What Makes Marriages Succeed?
Family Life
343(13)
Changing Family Structures
Parenthood Today
Parenthood as a Developmental Experience
When Children Leave: The ``Empty Nest''
Parenthood, Role Changes, and Marital Satisfaction
Remaining Childless
Summary
356(2)
Key Terms
358(2)
Mature Kinship Ties and Living Arrangements
360(41)
FOCUS
361(2)
Marian Anderson
The Adult Family: Changing Roles and Relationships
363(9)
Young Adult Children and Middle-Aged Parents
Middle-Aged Children and Elderly Parents
Siblings
Multigenerational Late-Life Families
Grandparenthood and Great-Grandparenthood
372(8)
The Grandparent's Role
The Great-Grandparent's Role
Raising Grandchildren and Great-Grandchildren
Living Arrangements, Caregiving, and Community Support
380(17)
Adult Children at Home: The Not-So-Empty Nest
Living Arrangements for Older Adults
Family Caregiving
Care of the Old-Old: An International Perspective
Summary
397(2)
Key Terms
399(2)
PART FOUR THE WORLD WITHIN 401(126)
Personality Development
402(42)
FOCUS
403(2)
Eva Peron
Defining and Studying Personality
405(5)
What Is Personality?
Measuring Personality
Origins of Personality: Inheritance and Experience
Models of Adult Personality: Stability or Change
410(19)
Trait Models
Self-Concept Models
Stage Models
The Timing-of-Events Model
Gender and Personality
429(11)
Gender Stereotypes, Gender Roles, and Gender Identity
Women's Personality Development: The Mills Studies
Synthesizing Approaches to Adult Personality Development
440(1)
Summary
441(2)
Key Terms
443(1)
Mental Health, Coping, and Adjustment to Aging
444(42)
FOCUS
445(3)
Arthur Ashe
Models of Coping
448(7)
Environmental Models
Behavioral Models
Coping-Style Models
Cognitive-Appraisal Model
``Successful Aging''
455(8)
Normative Models
Balance Models
Laypeople's Views about Successful Aging
Destructive Behavior Patterns
463(9)
Substance Use Disorders
Partner Abuse
Child Abuse and Neglect
Abuse of the Elderly
Mental Health in Late Life: A Lifespan Developmental Approach
472(11)
Mental Health and Life Satisfaction
Mental Disorders
Assessing Strengths
Summary
483(2)
Key Terms
485(1)
Dealing With Death and Bereavement
486(41)
FOCUS
487(2)
Louisa May Alcott
Changing Perspectives on Death and Dying
489(3)
Biological, Social, and Psychological Aspects of Death
The Study of Death: Thanatology and Death Education
Hospice Care
Facing Death
492(11)
Attitudes toward Death and Dying
Approaching Death
Facing Bereavement
503(11)
Forms and Patterns of Grief
Surviving a Spouse
Losing a Parent
Losing a Child
Controversial Issues
514(7)
Suicide
Euthanasia
Finding Meaning and Purpose in Life and Death
521(3)
Reviewing a Life
Overcoming Fear of Death
Development: A Lifelong Process
Summary
524(1)
Key Terms
525(2)
Glossary 527(10)
Bibliography 537(46)
Acknowledgments 583(4)
Name Index 587(12)
Subject Index 599

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