Ancient Greece

by Kuiper, Kathleen

ISBN13: 9781615301201

ISBN10: 1615301208

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2010-08-15

Publisher(s): Britannica Educational Pub

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Summary

From Archaic times to the reign of Alexander the Great, Greek unity was tenuous, yet Ancient Greece was a place where culture flourished and intellectual achievement knew no bounds. Ancient Greek ideas on philosophy, politics, science, and the arts anticipate many of our own, and in some ways, remain unparalleled today. This book recounts the events that were instrumental to the development of this storied civilization and the indelible legacies it has left behind. A detailed appendix supplements the narrative with in-depth discussion on the Pre-Greek societies that fueled the imagination and gave birth to an enduring body of Greek mythology.

Introduction	p. 10
The Archaic Period	p. 17
The Post-Mycenaean Period and Lefkandi	p. 17
ôColonizationö and City-State Formation	p. 19
Olympic Games	p. 20
Overseas Projects	p. 21
The Beginnings of the Polis	p. 22
Early Archaic Greek Civilization	p. 25
The Sources	p. 26
Bacchiadae and Eupatridae	p. 27
Symposia and Gymnasia	p. 28
Formal Relationships	p. 29
The Lelantine War	p. 30
The Later Archaic Period	p. 32
The Decline of the Aristocracy	p. 32
Changes in Warfare	p. 33
The Early Tyrannies	p. 36
Sparta	p. 37
The Rhetra	p. 38
The Helot Factor	p. 39
The Peloponnesian League	p. 40
Athens	p. 42
Theseus	p. 44
Solon	p. 46
The Peisistratid Tyranny	p. 51
The Reforms of Cleisthenes	p. 54
The World of the Tyrants	p. 58
Intermarriage Between the Great Houses	p. 58
Poetry and Art	p. 59
Alcaeus	p. 60
International Influences	p. 62
Classical Greek Civilization: The Persian Wars	p. 65
The Ionian Revolt	p. 67
Causes of the Persian Wars	p. 68
Economic Factors	p. 68
Political Factors	p. 68
Athenian Support of Ionia	p. 69
Sparta's Foreign Relations	p. 70
The Role of Cleomenes	p. 71
Battle of Marathon	p. 72
Aftermath of the Battle of Marathon	p. 73
The System of Ostracism	p. 74
Greek Preparations for War	p. 74
Greek Alliances	p. 76
The Last Persian Wars	p. 77
Thermopylae	p. 77
Salamis	p. 78
Plataea	p. 79
Classical Greek Civilization: The Athenian Empire	p. 81
The Fortification of Athens	p. 81
The Ambition of Pausanias	p. 83
Delian League	p. 84
Paying Tribute to Athens	p. 85
Strains on Greek Unity and Mounting Athenian Aggression	p. 87
Cimon's Actions	p. 87
Athens's Moves Against Other Greeks	p. 88
Athens's Moves Northward	p. 89
Sparta's Responses	p. 89
The Ephialtic Reforms	p. 90
Legal Reforms	p. 90
Political Reforms	p. 91
The Rejection of Cimon	p. 92
Athenian Expansion	p. 92
Friction Between Athens and Corinth	p. 92
The Subjugation of Aegina	p. 93
The Scale of Athenian Ambition	p. 93
Sparta's Resistance	p. 95
Peace with Persia	p. 96
Revolts of Athens's Tributary States	p. 97
Economic Sources of Resentment	p. 97
Political and Legal Sources of Resentment	p. 97
The Euboean Revolt	p. 98
Greek Communities in Italy and Sicily	p. 99
Classical Greek Civilization: The Peloponnesian War	p. 101
Causes	p. 101
The Initial Phase, 431-425	p. 104
Pericles	p. 104
Sparta's Role	p. 105
Continuing Strife	p. 106
Mytilene and Plataea	p. 107
Speculation and Unease	p. 108
The Years 425-421	p. 109
Spartan Calls for Peace	p. 109
Cleon's Influence	p. 110
Spartan Recovery	p. 111
Athenian Aggression Outside the Peloponnese	p. 112
Entanglement with Persia	p. 112
Harsh Treatment of Melos	p. 112
The Sicilian Disaster	p. 113
The Second Phase of the War, 413-404	p. 114
Thirty Tyrants	p. 117
Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century BC	p. 118
Intellectual Achievements	p. 118
The Effect of the Persian Wars on Philosophy	p. 118
The Rise of Democracy	p. 119
Hippocrates and the Fluidity of Genres	p. 120
Hippocratic Oath	p. 121
Greek Drama	p. 122
Greek Tragedy	p. 122
Greek Comedy	p. 128
The Liturgy System	p. 129
The Roles of Women and Slaves	p. 131
Women	p. 132
Slaves	p. 133
The Acropolis	p. 133
Military Technology	p. 135
Greece in the Fourth Century BC	p. 136
Dionysius I of Syracuse	p. 136
The Corinthian War	p. 139
The King's Peace	p. 142
From 386 BC to the Decline of Sparta	p. 144
Spartan Adventures	p. 144
The Second Athenian Confederacy	p. 145
Theban Expansion	p. 147
Athens and Thebes	p. 149
The Rise of Macedon	p. 152
Macedonian Supremacy in Greece	p. 156
Alexander the Great	p. 162
Alexander and the Greeks	p. 162
Alexander in Egypt	p. 167
To the Persian Gates	p. 167
The Conquest of Bactria and the Indus Valley	p. 169
The Final Phase	p. 171
Greek Civilization in the Fourth Century	p. 173
Historical Writings	p. 173
Architecture and Sculpture	p. 175
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus	p. 177
Social and Commercial Exchanges	p. 177
Organized Settlements	p. 179
Conclusion	p. 181
Appendix: Pre-Greek Aegean Civilizations	p. 183
Glossary	p. 191
Bibliography	p. 193
Index	p. 194
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Ancient Greece

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