Computed Tomography : Fundamentals, System Technology, Image Quality, Applications,9783895780813

Computed Tomography : Fundamentals, System Technology, Image Quality, Applications

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Edition: CD
ISBN13: 9783895780813
ISBN10: 3895780812
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2000-01-01
Publisher(s): Wiley-VCH
List Price: $69.95

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Summary

This book provides a comprehensive and user-friendly description of the theoretical and technical essentials of computed tomography (CT) for a wide readership. It treats in detail all characteristic parameters relevant for image quality and all performance features significant for clinical applications. Readers will thus be informed how to optimally use a CT system depending on their different diagnostic requirements. This includes a detailed discussion about the dose required and about dose measurement as well as how to reduce dose in CT.This book is intended for all those who work daily, regularly or even only occasionally with CT: doctors, technologists, engineers, service technicians and physicists.A glossary describes all the important technical terms in alphabetical order.

Table of Contents

Preface 5(4)
Table of Contents
9(4)
Historical Overview 13(4)
Principles of Computed Tomography
17(18)
General Considerations on Slice Imaging
17(5)
Computed Tomography -- a Digital Modality
17(3)
Why do Slice Images offer Higher Contrast?
20(2)
Basic Principles of CT
22(13)
What do we Measure in CT?
22(1)
How do we Measure an Object in CT?
23(3)
How do we Compute a CT Image?
26(3)
What is Displayed in CT Images?
29(6)
Technical Concepts
35(30)
Phases of Development and Goals
35(4)
The Seventies -- from Head to Whole Body Scanning
35(2)
The Eighties -- Fast Scanning of Single Slices
37(1)
The Nineties -- Fast Volume Scanning
38(1)
Standard Scanner Configuration
39(17)
Mechanical Design
39(5)
X-ray Components
44(1)
Collimators and Filtration
45(2)
Detector Systems
47(9)
Scan Modes and Scan Parameters
56(4)
Survey Radiographs
56(1)
Scanning Single Slice -- Sequential CT
56(2)
Material-selective Imaging -- Dual-Energy CT
58(1)
Serial Scanning -- Dynamic CT
59(1)
CT Fluoroscopy -- Interventional CT
59(1)
Volume Scanning -- Spiral CT
59(1)
Alternative Scanner Concepts
60(5)
Electron Beam CT
60(2)
The ``Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor''
62(1)
Cone Beam CT
62(3)
Spiral CT
65(17)
First Considerations and Efforts
65(2)
Scanning Principle and Techniques in Spiral CT
67(3)
Image Reconstruction in Spiral CT
70(6)
Basic Approach to z-Interpolation (360deg;LI)
71(1)
z-Interpolation Using Data Rebinning (180°LI)
71(2)
Variations of 180° z-Interpolation Algorithms
73(3)
Considerations for Multi-slice Spiral CT
76(6)
z-Interpolation in Multi-slice Spiral CT (180°MLI)
76(1)
z-Filtering in Multi-slice Spiral CT (180°MFI)
76(2)
ECG-correlated Cardiac Imaging
78(4)
Image Quality
82(37)
Variables and Procedures for Conventional CT
83(19)
CT Values, Contrast and Homogeneity
83(1)
Pixel Noise
84(1)
Spatial Resolution -- Resolution at High Contrast
85(12)
Contrast Resolution -- Resolution at Low Contrast
97(1)
Artifacts
98(4)
Variables and Procedures for Spiral CT
102(14)
General Considerations
102(1)
Pixel Noise
103(2)
Slice Sensitivity Profiles
105(1)
Spatial Resolution in the z-Direction
106(7)
Artifacts in Spiral CT
113(1)
Considerations for Multi-slice Spiral CT
114(2)
Constancy Tests and Acceptance Testing
116(3)
Dose
119(31)
CT -- a High Dose Examination Procedure?
119(1)
Technical Parameters for Dose Measurement
120(12)
Conventional Single-slice Scans
121(6)
Volume Scans
127(1)
Stray Radiation
128(1)
Special Considerations for Spiral CT Scans
128(2)
Special Considerations for Multi-slice Spiral CT Scans
130(2)
Regulations for Dose Measurement
132(1)
Patient Dose in CT
132(5)
Influence of Scanning Parameters on the Patient Dose
132(2)
Influence of Spiral CT on Patient Dose
134(1)
Estimation of Organ Dose Values and Effective Dose
135(2)
Possibilities for Reducing the Dose
137(5)
Influence by the Examiner
138(1)
Technical Measures and New Approaches
139(3)
Conclusions
142(8)
Optimization of CT Systems and Quality Control
143(2)
Information about Dose, Benefits and Risks
145(3)
The Author's Summing up and Recommendations
148(2)
Processing and Visualization of Images
150(13)
Simple Image Processing and Evaluation Procedures
150(1)
Two-dimensional Displays
151(2)
Three-dimensional Displays
153(7)
Surface Displays
154(1)
Projection Displays
155(1)
Volume Rendering Displays
155(2)
Virtual Endoscopy
157(1)
Recommendations on the Choice of 3D-Display Methods
158(2)
How to Handle all the Images
160(3)
Special Applications
163(13)
General Considerations
163(3)
Quantitative CT
166(3)
Imaging of The Heart and Coronary Calcium Measurements
169(7)
Phase-selective Imaging of the Heart with MSCT
171(2)
Coronary Calcium Measurements with CT
173(3)
The Future of CT
176(3)
Appendix
179(9)
Definitions
179(4)
Abbreviations and Symbols
179(4)
Geometry
183(1)
Mathematical Aspects of Image Reconstruction
183(5)
Convolution
183(1)
2D Radon Transformation
184(2)
3D Radon Transformation
186(2)
Glossary
188(24)
References
212(7)
Index terms 219

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