Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing

by Burkhardt, Margaret A.; Nathaniel, Alvita K., Ph.D.

Edition: 2nd

ISBN13: 9780766836297

ISBN10: 0766836290

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2001-10-08

Publisher(s): CENGAGE Delmar Learning

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Summary

Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing explores the theories, models and principles that serve as guides for ethically sound behavior within a nursing context. This text addresses the complexities created by science and technological advances, the variety of settings in which nurses practice, and the diversity of the patients in their care, all the while emphasizing the importance of principled behavior in personal and professional situations. The text also examines global issues that intertwine with the nursing profession, such as health policy, economics, social, gender, transcultural and spiritual considerations. Engaging exercises, reflective questions, case presentations and creative activities are integrated throughout the text. Ã ;Â· More personal and conversational tone of this 2nd edition makes material more accessible Ã ;Â· Reorganized reflection on the history of nursing puts contemporary issues into context Ã ;Â· Expanded discussion of issues related to professional relationships, systems within which nurses work, technology and patient self-determination promotes exploration of issues facing nursing today (Key words: Ethics, Issues, Nursing, Trends)

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvi
Contributors	p. xvi
Guides for Principled Behavior	p. 1
Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces Influencing the Development of Nursing	p. 2
Objectives	p. 2
Introduction	p. 3
The Influence of Social Need	p. 4
Spiritual, Religious, and Gender Influences	p. 6
The Modern Era	p. 15
Summary	p. 17
Chapter Highlights	p. 17
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 18
References	p. 18
Ethical Theory	p. 20
Objectives	p. 20
Introduction	p. 21
Philosophy	p. 23
Morals/Ethics	p. 24
Theories of Ethics	p. 26
Summary	p. 37
Chapter Highlights	p. 37
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 38
References	p. 38
Ethical Principles	p. 40
Objectives	p. 40
Introduction	p. 41
Autonomy	p. 41
Beneficence	p. 48
Nonmaleficence	p. 50
Veracity	p. 51
Confidentiality	p. 54
Justice	p. 57
Fidelity	p. 59
Summary	p. 59
Chapter Highlights	p. 60
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 60
References	p. 62
Developing Principled Behavior	p. 65
Values Clarification	p. 66
Objectives	p. 66
Introduction	p. 67
What Are Values?	p. 67
Acquiring Values	p. 67
Self-Awareness	p. 68
Values in Professional Situations	p. 71
Summary	p. 77
Chapter Highlights	p. 77
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 78
References	p. 78
Values Development	p. 80
Objectives	p. 80
Introduction	p. 81
Transcultural Considerations in Values Development	p. 81
Theoretical Perspectives of Values Development	p. 82
Some Nursing Considerations	p. 87
Summary	p. 89
Chapter Highlights	p. 90
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 90
References	p. 91
Ethical Decision Making	p. 92
Objectives	p. 92
Introduction	p. 93
Moral/Ethical Problems	p. 93
Making Decisions	p. 97
Ethical Decision Making	p. 98
Process of Ethical Decision Making	p. 100
Applying the Decision-Making Process	p. 103
Summary	p. 106
Chapter Highlights	p. 106
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 106
References	p. 107
Principled Behavior in the Professional Domain	p. 109
Legal Issues	p. 110
Objectives	p. 110
Introduction	p. 111
Relationship Between Ethics and the Law	p. 111
General Legal Concepts	p. 113
Recent Legal Trends	p. 125
Risk Management	p. 129
Nurses as Expert Witnesses	p. 133
Summary	p. 134
Chapter Highlights	p. 134
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 135
References	p. 136
Professional Issues	p. 137
Objectives	p. 137
Introduction	p. 138
Professional Status	p. 138
Expertise	p. 141
Autonomy	p. 142
Accountability	p. 145
Authority	p. 149
Unity	p. 150
Summary	p. 152
Chapter Highlights	p. 152
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 152
References	p. 153
Professional Relationship Issues	p. 155
Objectives	p. 155
Introduction	p. 156
Problem Solving in the Professional Realm	p. 156
Nurses' Relationships with Institutions	p. 161
Nurses' Relationships with Other Nurses	p. 164
Nurses' Relationships with Physicians	p. 166
Nurses' Relationships with Subordinates	p. 168
Discrimination and Harassment	p. 169
Summary	p. 174
Chapter Highlights	p. 174
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 174
References	p. 175
Practice Issues Related to Technology	p. 177
Objectives	p. 177
Introduction	p. 178
Benefits and Challenges of Technology	p. 178
Current Technology: Issues and Dilemmas	p. 180
Nursing Practice in the Midst of Technology	p. 198
Summary	p. 200
Chapter Highlights	p. 201
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 202
References	p. 202
Suggested Readings	p. 204
Practice Issues Related to Patient Self-Determination	p. 205
Objectives	p. 205
Introduction	p. 206
Autonomy and Paternalism	p. 206
Informed Consent	p. 209
Advance Directives	p. 213
Choices Concerning Life and Health	p. 219
Summary	p. 228
Chapter Highlights	p. 228
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 229
References	p. 230
Scholarship Issues	p. 233
Objectives	p. 233
Introduction	p. 234
Academic Honesty	p. 234
Research Issues and Ethics	p. 236
Ethical Treatment of Data	p. 244
Summary	p. 246
Chapter Highlights	p. 246
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 246
References	p. 247
Global Issues That Impinge on Nursing Practice	p. 249
Health Care Changes and Challenges	p. 250
Objectives	p. 250
Introduction	p. 251
A Brief History of Health Care Delivery: The Euro-American Experience	p. 251
Health Care Perspectives: A Global Concern	p. 260
Alternative Traditions of Health Care	p. 263
Challenges for Rural and Urban Aggregates	p. 264
Summary	p. 265
Chapter Highlights	p. 266
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 266
References	p. 267
Suggested Readings	p. 268
Health Policy Issues	p. 269
Objectives	p. 269
Introduction	p. 270
Political Issues	p. 270
Health Policy	p. 272
Nursing, Policy, and Politics	p. 279
Lobbying	p. 282
Summary	p. 285
Chapter Highlights	p. 285
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 286
References	p. 286
Economic Issues	p. 288
Objectives	p. 288
Introduction	p. 289
Overview of Today's Health Care Economics	p. 289
Distributive Justice	p. 291
Recent Trends and Health Economic Issues	p. 296
Summary	p. 300
Chapter Highlights	p. 301
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 301
References	p. 302
Social Issues	p. 304
Objectives	p. 304
Introduction	p. 305
Social Issues	p. 305
Ethical Principles Applied to Social Issues	p. 313
Personal Impediments to Intervening with Vulnerable Groups	p. 315
Social Issues and Scholarship	p. 316
Summary	p. 317
Chapter Highlights	p. 317
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 318
References	p. 318
Gender Issues	p. 321
Objectives	p. 321
Introduction	p. 322
Historical Perspectives and Overview of Gender-Based Issues	p. 322
Gender and Race	p. 323
Sex Discrimination in Nursing	p. 324
Sexual Harassment in Nursing	p. 327
Communication Issues Related to Gender	p. 329
Modern Sexism	p. 331
Sexual Orientation	p. 331
Summary	p. 332
Chapter Highlights	p. 333
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 333
References	p. 334
Transcultural and Spiritual Issues	p. 337
Objectives	p. 337
Introduction	p. 338
Transcultural Issues	p. 338
Issues Related to Spirituality and Religion	p. 348
Summary	p. 354
Chapter Highlights	p. 354
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 355
References	p. 356
The Power to Make a Difference	p. 359
Empowerment for Nurses	p. 360
Objectives	p. 360
Introduction	p. 361
Influences on Nursing's Perceptions of Principled Practice	p. 361
Understanding Power and Empowerment	p. 364
Personal Empowerment	p. 366
Professional Empowerment	p. 368
Re-Visioning Nursing	p. 371
Summary	p. 372
Chapter Highlights	p. 373
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 373
References	p. 374
Enabling Patient Empowerment	p. 376
Objectives	p. 376
Introduction	p. 377
Patients and Empowerment	p. 377
Nurses and Patient Empowerment	p. 377
Enhancing Patient Capacity for Decision Making	p. 379
Fostering Patient Empowerment	p. 380
Summary	p. 381
Chapter Highlights	p. 381
Discussion Questions and Activities	p. 382
References	p. 382
Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001): American Nurses Association	p. 385
A Patient's Bill of Rights: American Hospital Association	p. 403
Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses: Canadian Nurses Association	p. 407
ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses	p. 415
Glossary	p. 417
Index	p. 429
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