| Preface |
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xv | |
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PART I INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ETHICS |
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Introducing Straight Talk About Managing Business Ethics: Where We're Going and Why |
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2 | (21) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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Tools to Manage Unethical Behavior |
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6 | (1) |
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Focus on the Positive, the Ethical, and the Socially Responsible |
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6 | (1) |
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Is Business Ethics Just a Fad? |
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7 | (2) |
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Can Business Ethics Be Taught? |
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9 | (6) |
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Aren't Bad Apples the Cause of Ethical Problems in Organizations? |
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9 | (2) |
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Shouldn't Employees Already Know the Difference between Right and Wrong? |
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11 | (1) |
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Aren't Adults' Ethics Fully Formed and Unchangeable? |
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12 | (3) |
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This Book Is About Managing Ethics |
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15 | (2) |
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Bringing Ethics Down to Size |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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How the Book Is Structured |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Exercise: Your Cynicism Quotient |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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Why Be Ethical? (Why Bother? Who Cares?) |
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23 | (43) |
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23 | (1) |
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Why Be Ethical? Why Bother? Who Cares? |
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23 | (1) |
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The Motivation to Be Ethical |
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24 | (1) |
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The Media Focus on Ethics and Corporate Reputation |
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25 | (2) |
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Industries Care About Ethics |
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27 | (1) |
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Executive Leaders Care About Ethics |
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28 | (1) |
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Managers Care About Ethics |
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29 | (2) |
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Employees Care About Ethics: Employee Attraction and Commitment |
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31 | (1) |
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Individuals Care About Ethics: Reputation Counts |
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32 | (1) |
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Does Society Care? Business and Social Responsibility |
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32 | (6) |
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Economic Responsibilities |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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Philanthropic Responsibilities |
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36 | (2) |
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Government Regulation of Business |
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38 | (2) |
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Is Socially Responsible Business Good Business? |
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40 | (11) |
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Socially Responsible Investors |
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45 | (1) |
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Avoiding the Costs of Criminal Liability |
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45 | (4) |
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49 | (2) |
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The Best and the Worst In Us |
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51 | (5) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Case: Merck and River Blindness |
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57 | (2) |
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Appendix: How Fines Are Determined under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (5) |
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PART II ETHICS AND THE INDIVIDUAL |
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66 | (29) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (6) |
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68 | (3) |
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Harassment, Sexual and Otherwise |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (4) |
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74 | (2) |
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Why Is It an Ethical Problem? |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Customer Confidence Issues |
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77 | (4) |
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77 | (4) |
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Why Is It an Ethical Problem? |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Use of Corporate Resources |
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81 | (4) |
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82 | (3) |
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Why Is It an Ethical Problem? |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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When All Else Fails: Blowing the Whistle |
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85 | (6) |
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When Do You Blow the Whistle? |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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Deciding What's Right: A Prescriptive Approach |
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95 | (26) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Prescriptive Approaches to Ethical Decision Making in Business |
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96 | (7) |
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Focus on Consequences (Consequentialist Theories) |
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96 | (2) |
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Focus on Duties, Obligations, and Principles (Deontological Theories) |
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98 | (3) |
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Focus on Integrity (Virtue Ethics) |
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101 | (2) |
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Eight Steps to Sound Ethical Decision Making in Business |
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103 | (6) |
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Step One: Gather the Facts |
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103 | (1) |
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Step Two: Define the Ethical Issues |
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104 | (1) |
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Step Three: Identify the Affected Parties (the Stakeholders) |
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105 | (1) |
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Step Four: Identify the Consequences |
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106 | (1) |
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Step Five: Identify the Obligations |
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107 | (1) |
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Step Six: Consider Your Character and Integrity |
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108 | (1) |
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Step Seven: Think Creatively about Potential Actions |
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108 | (1) |
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Step Eight: Check Your Gut |
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109 | (1) |
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Practical Preventive Medicine |
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109 | (3) |
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109 | (1) |
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When You're Asked to Make a Snap Decision |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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Exercise: Clarifying Your Values |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (5) |
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120 | (1) |
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Deciding What's Right: A Psychological Approach |
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121 | (31) |
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121 | (1) |
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Moral Awareness and Moral Judgment |
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121 | (3) |
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Individual Differences, Moral Judgment, and Ethical Behavior |
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124 | (8) |
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Cognitive Moral Development |
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125 | (6) |
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131 | (1) |
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Cognitive Barriers to Good Ethical Judgment |
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132 | (5) |
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Thinking About Fact Gathering |
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132 | (1) |
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Thinking About Consequences |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Emotions in Ethical Decision Making |
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137 | (1) |
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Reflections on the Pinto Fires Case |
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138 | (8) |
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Revisiting the Pinto Fires Case |
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142 | (4) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (5) |
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PART III ETHICS AND THE MANAGER |
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Ethical Problems of Managers |
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152 | (27) |
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152 | (3) |
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Managers and Employee Engagement |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (8) |
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Hiring and Work Assignments |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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Managing a Diverse Workforce |
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163 | (6) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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Family and Personal Issues |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (4) |
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The Buck Stops with Managers |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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Managing for Ethical Conduct |
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179 | (35) |
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179 | (1) |
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In Business, Ethics Is About Behavior |
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179 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers about Ethical Behavior |
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180 | (1) |
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Our Multiple Ethical Selves |
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180 | (4) |
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181 | (2) |
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The Dennis Levine Example |
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183 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Multiple Ethical Selves |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (9) |
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People Do What's Rewarded and Avoid Doing What's Punished |
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184 | (1) |
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People Will Go the Extra Mile to Achieve Goals Set by Managers |
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184 | (1) |
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How Reward Systems Can Encourage Unethical Behavior |
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185 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Reward Systems |
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186 | (1) |
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Recognize the Power of Indirect Rewards and Punishments |
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187 | (2) |
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Can You Really Reward Ethical Behavior? |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Punishment |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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People Follow Group Norms |
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193 | (1) |
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Rationalizing Unethical Behavior |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Group Norms |
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194 | (1) |
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People Fulfill Assigned Roles |
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195 | (4) |
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The Zimbardo Prison Experiment |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Conflicting Roles Can Lead to Unethical Behavior |
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198 | (1) |
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Roles Can Support Ethical Behavior |
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198 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Roles |
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199 | (1) |
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People Do What They're Told |
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199 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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Obedience to Authority at Work |
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200 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Obedience to Authority |
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201 | (1) |
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Responsibility Is Diffused in Organizations |
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201 | (5) |
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``Don't Worry---We're Taking Care of Everything'' |
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201 | (1) |
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Diffusing Responsibility in Groups |
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202 | (1) |
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Diffusing Responsibility by Dividing Responsibility |
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203 | (1) |
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Diffusing Responsibility by Creating Psychological Distance |
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204 | (1) |
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Practical Advice for Managers About Personal Responsibility |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Case: Sears, Roebuck and Co.: The Auto Center Scandal |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (4) |
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PART IV ETHICS AND THE ORGANIZATION |
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Ethical Problems of Organizations |
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214 | (42) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (16) |
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218 | (6) |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (5) |
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233 | (8) |
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234 | (4) |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (3) |
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Why Are These Ethical Issues? |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (3) |
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Ethics as Organizational Culture |
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256 | (58) |
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256 | (1) |
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A ``Cookie Cutter'' Approach Won't Work |
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256 | (3) |
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Organizations Don't Have Cookie-Cutter Ethical Problems |
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257 | (1) |
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Cookie-Cutter Programs Are Superficial |
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257 | (1) |
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``Ethics for a Day'' Breeds Cynicism |
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257 | (1) |
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Proactively Develop an Ethical Organizational Culture |
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258 | (1) |
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Organizational Ethics as a Cultural Phenomenon |
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259 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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Strong versus Weak Cultures |
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259 | (1) |
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How Culture Influences Behavior: Socialization and Internalization |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (10) |
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Ethical Leaders Create Culture |
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261 | (2) |
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Leaders Maintain or Change Organizational Culture |
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263 | (8) |
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271 | (14) |
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271 | (1) |
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Values and Mission Statements, Policies and Codes |
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272 | (4) |
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Orientation and Training Programs |
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276 | (1) |
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Performance Management Systems |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (2) |
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Decision-Making Processes |
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283 | (2) |
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Informal Cultural Systems |
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285 | (6) |
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285 | (1) |
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Norms: ``The Way We Do Things Around Here'' |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (2) |
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Developing and Changing the Ethical Culture |
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291 | (4) |
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How an Ethical Culture Can Become an Unethical Culture |
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292 | (1) |
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Becoming a More Ethical Culture |
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293 | (2) |
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A Cultural Approach to Changing Organizational Ethics |
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295 | (5) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Diagnosis: The Ethical Culture Audit |
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296 | (2) |
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Ethical Culture Change Intervention |
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298 | (2) |
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The Ethics of Managing Organizational Ethics |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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Case: Videotek Corporation |
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301 | (5) |
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Case: Culture Change at Texaco |
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306 | (2) |
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Case: An Unethical Culture in Need of Change: TAP Pharmaceuticals |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (4) |
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Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance |
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314 | (42) |
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314 | (1) |
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Structuring Ethics Management |
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315 | (3) |
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Managing Ethics: The Corporate Ethics Office |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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The Ethics Infrastructure |
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317 | (1) |
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The Corporate Ethics Committee |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (26) |
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Basic Communications Principles |
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319 | (3) |
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Evaluating the Current State of Ethics Communications |
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322 | (1) |
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Multiple Communications Channels for Formal Ethics Communication |
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323 | (2) |
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A Novel Approach to Ethics Communication at USAA |
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325 | (4) |
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Mission or Values Statements |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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Communicating Senior Management Commitment to Ethics |
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333 | (9) |
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Formal and Informal Systems to Resolve Questions and Report Ethical Concerns |
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342 | (2) |
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Using the Reward System to Reinforce the Ethics Message |
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344 | (2) |
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Evaluating the Ethics Program |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Values or Compliance Approaches |
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347 | (2) |
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Globalizing an Ethics Program |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (4) |
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PART V ETHICS AND THE WORLD |
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Managing for Ethical Conduct in a Global Business Environment |
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356 | (42) |
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356 | (1) |
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Focus on the Individual Expatriate Manager |
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357 | (17) |
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The Difficulties of Foreign Business Assignments |
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357 | (1) |
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The Need for Structure, Training, and Guidance |
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357 | (1) |
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Foreign Language Proficiency |
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358 | (1) |
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Learning About the Culture |
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359 | (1) |
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Recognizing the Power of Selective Perception |
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360 | (1) |
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Assumption of Behavioral Consistency |
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361 | (1) |
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Assumption of Cultural Homogeneity |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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Ethics-Related Training and Guidance |
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363 | (5) |
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How Different Are Ethical Standards in Different Cultures? |
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368 | (2) |
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Development of Corporate Guidelines and Policies for Global Business Ethics |
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370 | (4) |
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The Organization in a Global Business Environment |
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374 | (14) |
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Deciding to Do Business in a Foreign Country |
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374 | (8) |
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Development of a Transcultural Corporate Ethic |
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382 | (4) |
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Putting It All Together: Royal Dutch Shell |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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Appendix: Caux Round Table Principles for Business |
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390 | (4) |
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394 | (4) |
| Index |
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398 | |