| Preface |
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xiv | |
| About the Authors |
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xx | |
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Part 1 FOUNDATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL MANAGEMENT |
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1 | (122) |
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Multinational Management in a Changing World |
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2 | (40) |
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The Nature of the Multinational Company |
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4 | (2) |
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The Globalizing Economy: A Changing (But Not Always Stable) Environment for Business |
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6 | (19) |
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Countries of the World: The Arrived, the Coming, and the Struggling |
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6 | (1) |
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Borders Are Disintegrating: The World Trade Organization and Free Trade Areas |
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7 | (3) |
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Sell Anywhere, Locate Anywhere: Trade and Foreign Investment Are Growing But Setbacks Are Part of the Challenge |
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10 | (7) |
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The Internet and Information Technology Are Making It All Easier |
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17 | (3) |
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The Rise of Global Products and Global Customers |
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20 | (2) |
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The State Is Getting Out of Business |
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22 | (1) |
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New Competitors Are Emerging |
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23 | (1) |
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The Rise of Global Standards |
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23 | (2) |
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The Next Generation of Multinational Managers |
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25 | (2) |
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Multinational Management: A Strategic Approach |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Interview a Multinational Manager |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: ABB in China: 1998 |
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30 | (12) |
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Culture and Multinational Management |
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42 | (36) |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Occupational Culture and Organizational Culture |
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47 | (3) |
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Cultural Differences and Basic Values: Two Diagnostic Models to Aid the Multinational Manager |
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50 | (20) |
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Hofstede's Model of National Cuture |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (9) |
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7d Cultural Dimensions Model |
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61 | (9) |
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Propensity to Trust: A Cultural Dimension of Increasing Importance |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: A Briefing Paper |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: Old Corporate Ways Fade as New Korean Generation Asserts Itself |
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76 | (2) |
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The Institutional Context of Multinational Management |
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78 | (45) |
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Social Institutions and Influence of Society |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (6) |
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89 | (4) |
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93 | (9) |
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102 | (3) |
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Organizations Alike: Globalization and Convergence |
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105 | (1) |
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The National Context and International Management |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: A Presentation |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: Anglo-American College in Prague (AAC): The Challenge to Lead in Post-Communist Czech Republic |
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110 | (7) |
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Integrating Case 1: Organizational and National Cultures in a Polish/U.S. Joint Venture |
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117 | (6) |
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Part 2 STRATEGY CONTENT AND FORMULATION FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES |
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123 | (132) |
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Strategic Management in the Multinational Company: Content and Formulation |
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124 | (24) |
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Basic Strategy Content Applied to the Multinational Company |
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125 | (9) |
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Competitive Advantage and Multinational Applications of Generic Strategies |
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126 | (1) |
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How Do Low-Cost and Differentiation Firms Make Money? |
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126 | (1) |
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Competitive Advantage and the Value Chain |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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Sustaining Competitive Advantage |
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129 | (1) |
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Offensive and Defensive Competitive Strategies in International Markets |
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130 | (3) |
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Multinational Diversification Strategy |
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133 | (1) |
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Strategy Content: Brief Conclusions |
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134 | (1) |
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Strategy Formulation: Traditional Approaches |
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134 | (7) |
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Industry and Competitive Analyses |
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134 | (4) |
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Company-Situation Analysis |
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138 | (2) |
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Corporate Strategy Selection |
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140 | (1) |
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Organizations Alike: Globalization and Convergence |
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141 | (3) |
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The National Context and Organizational Strategy: Overview and Observations |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Identifying Distinctive Competencies and Generic Strategies |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: Motorola in China |
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146 | (2) |
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Multinational and Participation Strategies: Content and Formulation |
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148 | (48) |
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Multinational Strategies: Dealing with the Global-Local Dilemma |
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149 | (5) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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A Brief Summary and Caveat |
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153 | (1) |
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Resolving the Global-Local Dilemma: Formulating a Multinational Strategy |
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154 | (5) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Competitive Advantage in the Value Chain |
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157 | (1) |
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Transnational or International: Which Way for the Global Company? |
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158 | (1) |
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The Global-Local Dilemma: Synopsis |
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159 | (1) |
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Participation Strategies: The Content Options |
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159 | (7) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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International Strategic Alliances |
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163 | (1) |
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Foreign Direct Investment |
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164 | (2) |
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Formulating a Participation Strategy |
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166 | (9) |
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Basic Functions of Participation Strategies |
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167 | (5) |
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Choosing a Participation Strategy: General Strategic Considerations |
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172 | (2) |
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Participation Strategies and the Multinational Strategies |
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174 | (1) |
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Participation Strategies: Synopsis |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder |
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179 | (4) |
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183 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: Transition at Whirlpool-Tatramat: From Joint Venture to Acquisition |
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184 | (12) |
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Small Businesses as Multinational Companies: Overcoming Barriers and Finding Opportunities |
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196 | (59) |
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What Is a Small Business? |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Internationalization and the Small Business |
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198 | (4) |
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The Small-Business Stage Model of Internationalization |
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198 | (1) |
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Small-Business Global Start-Up |
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199 | (2) |
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Small-Business E-Commerce |
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201 | (1) |
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Overcoming Small-Business Barriers to Internationalization |
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202 | (5) |
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Developing a Small-Business Global Culture |
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203 | (1) |
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Changing Attitudes of Key Decision Makers |
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204 | (1) |
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Gaining Experience: Duties and the Personal Life of the Small-Business CEO |
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205 | (1) |
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Is Size a Barrier for Small-Business Internationalization? |
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205 | (2) |
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Using the Small-Business Advantage |
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207 | (1) |
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The Future: Falling Barriers to Multinational Small Businesses and More Global Start-Ups |
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207 | (1) |
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When Should a Small Business Go International? |
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207 | (3) |
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Getting Connected to the International Market |
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210 | (6) |
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210 | (1) |
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Finding Customers and Partners |
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210 | (3) |
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Ready to Go and Connected: A Synopsis |
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213 | (3) |
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New-Venture Strategies for Small Multinational Companies |
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216 | (1) |
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New Product or Service and First-Mover Advantage |
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216 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Take a Product International |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: The Fleet Sheet |
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221 | (9) |
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Integrating Case 1: Skoda Auto (The Czech Carmaker) |
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230 | (9) |
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Integrating Case 2: Airview Mapping, Inc. |
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239 | (16) |
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Part 3 MANAGEMENT PROCESSES IN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION: DESIGN CHOICES FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES |
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255 | (122) |
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Organizational Designs for Multinational Companies |
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256 | (36) |
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The Nature of Organizational Design |
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257 | (3) |
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A Primer On Organizational Structures |
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258 | (2) |
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Organizational Structures to Implement Multinational Strategies |
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260 | (14) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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Worldwide Geographic Structure and Worldwide Product Structure |
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265 | (2) |
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Hybrids and Worldwide Matrix Structures |
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267 | (4) |
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The Transnational Network Structure |
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271 | (3) |
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Beyond the Transnational: Is There a New Structure for the Multinational? |
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274 | (3) |
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Multinational Strategy and Structure: An Overview |
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277 | (1) |
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Implications For Small Multinational Companies |
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277 | (1) |
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Control and Coordination Systems |
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278 | (4) |
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Design Options for Control Systems |
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279 | (2) |
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Design Options for Coordination Systems |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Build an Organization Structure for P&G |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: Haute Innovations---International Virtual Teams Case Scenario |
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285 | (7) |
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International Strategic Alliances: Management and Design |
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292 | (32) |
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Where to Link in the Value Chain |
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293 | (4) |
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Choosing a Partner: The Most Important Choice? |
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297 | (3) |
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Choosing an Alliance Type |
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300 | (3) |
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Informal and Formal International Cooperative Alliances |
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300 | (1) |
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International Joint Ventures |
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301 | (2) |
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Negotiating the Agreement |
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303 | (1) |
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Building the Organization: Organizational Design in Strategic Alliances |
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304 | (3) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Choosing a Strategic Alliance Management Structure |
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306 | (1) |
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Building the Organization: Human Resource Management in Strategic Alliances |
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307 | (2) |
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Commitment and Trust: The Soft Side of Alliance Management |
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309 | (5) |
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The Importance of Commitment and Trust |
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309 | (2) |
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Building and Sustaining Trust and Commitment |
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311 | (3) |
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Assessing the Performance of an International Strategic Alliance |
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314 | (1) |
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If the Alliance Does Not Work |
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315 | (1) |
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Learning to Partner: Building a Dedicated Strategic Alliance Unit |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Compare and Contrast International Joint Venture Contracts |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: PBS (B): The ABB PBS Joint Venture in Operation |
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318 | (6) |
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Multinational E-Commerce: Strategies and Structures |
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324 | (53) |
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325 | (4) |
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325 | (2) |
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327 | (2) |
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Fundamentals of E-Commerce Strategy and Structure |
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329 | (4) |
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Five Steps for Successful E-Commerce Strategy |
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329 | (2) |
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E-Commerce Structure: Integrated or Autonomous |
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331 | (1) |
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Additional Operational Challenges for an E-Commerce Business |
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331 | (2) |
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Globalizing Through the Internet |
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333 | (10) |
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Multinational E-Commerce Strategy Formulation |
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333 | (4) |
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Multinational E-Commerce Strategy Implementation |
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337 | (6) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: The Failure of Boo.com |
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345 | (6) |
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Integrating Case 1: Sts Manufacturing in China: Mark Hanson Returns From Vacation |
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351 | (9) |
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Integrating Case 2: Enersis: Global Strategy in the Electric Power Sector |
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360 | (17) |
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Part 4 STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT |
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377 | (114) |
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International Human Resource Management |
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378 | (44) |
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International Human Resource Management Defined |
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379 | (3) |
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International Human Resource Management and International Employees |
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380 | (2) |
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Multinational Managers: The Expatriate or the Host-Country Manager |
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382 | (4) |
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Is the Expatriate Worth It? |
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383 | (3) |
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International Cadre: Another Choice |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (14) |
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Selecting Expatriate Managers |
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387 | (4) |
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391 | (2) |
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Performance Appraisal for the Expatriate |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (3) |
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International Assignments for Women |
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400 | (4) |
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Successful Women Expatriates |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
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More Women in the Future? |
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403 | (1) |
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What Can Companies Do to Ensure Female Expatriate Success? |
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403 | (1) |
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Multinationals and Electronic Human Resource Management |
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404 | (3) |
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Strategic Importance of e.Hr |
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404 | (2) |
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Proper Steps to e.Hr Implementation |
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406 | (1) |
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Multinational Strategy and IHRM |
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407 | (7) |
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407 | (5) |
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Finding a Fit: IHRM Orientation and Multinational Strategy |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: A Presentation |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (2) |
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Chapter Case: The Road to Hell |
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417 | (5) |
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HRM in the Local Context: Knowing When and How to ADAPT |
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422 | (69) |
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Why Do Nations Differ in HRM? |
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423 | (4) |
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427 | (5) |
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Recruitment in the United States |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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Recruitment around the World |
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429 | (3) |
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432 | (3) |
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Selection in the United States |
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432 | (1) |
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Selection in Collectivist Cultures |
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433 | (1) |
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Selection around the World |
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434 | (1) |
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Implications for the Multinational: Recruitment and Selection |
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435 | (1) |
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435 | (10) |
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Training and Development in the United States |
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437 | (1) |
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Training and Vocational Education in Germany |
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438 | (3) |
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Management Development in the United States |
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441 | (1) |
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Management Development in Japan |
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441 | (4) |
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Implications for the Multinational: Training and Development |
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445 | (2) |
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447 | (3) |
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Performance Appraisal in the United States |
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447 | (1) |
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Performance Appraisals around the World |
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448 | (2) |
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450 | (4) |
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Compensation Practices in the United States |
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450 | (1) |
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Compensation around the World |
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451 | (2) |
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453 | (1) |
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Implications for the Multinational: Performance Evaluation and Compensation |
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454 | (2) |
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A Comparative View of Labor Relations |
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456 | (6) |
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457 | (1) |
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Some Historical and Institutional Differences |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (1) |
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Implications for the Multinational: The Search for Harmony |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: The HRM Component in a Multinational Company's Location Decision |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (2) |
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Chapter Case: Management Appraisal at Attock Refinery Limited (A) |
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467 | (8) |
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Chapter Case: Management Appraisal at Attock Refinery Limited (B) |
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475 | (8) |
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Integrating Case: Cadet Uniform Services: Cleaning Up in the Cleaning Business |
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483 | (8) |
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Part 5 STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES: INTERACTION PROCESSES |
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491 | (134) |
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International Negotiation and Cross-Cultural Communication |
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492 | (38) |
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The Basics of Cross-Cultural Communication |
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494 | (10) |
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494 | (1) |
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High- and Low-Context Languages |
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494 | (2) |
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Basic Communication Styles |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (4) |
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Practical Issues in Cross-Cultural Business Communication |
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501 | (3) |
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International Negotiation |
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504 | (17) |
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Steps in International Negotiations |
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504 | (12) |
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Basic Negotiating Strategies |
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516 | (3) |
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The Successful International Negotiator: Personal Characteristics |
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519 | (1) |
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Steps in, and Styles of, Negotiation, and the Successful Negotiator: Summary Observations |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (1) |
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521 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Negotiating an International Contract-- a Simulation |
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521 | (2) |
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523 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: The AT&T/BT Joint Venture Negotiations |
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524 | (6) |
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Motivation in Multinational Companies |
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530 | (40) |
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Work Values and the Meaning of Work |
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531 | (6) |
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531 | (1) |
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What Do People Value in Work? |
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532 | (5) |
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Work Motivation and the National Context |
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537 | (3) |
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The Basic Work-Motivation Process |
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537 | (1) |
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National Context and Work Motivation: A Brief Introduction |
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538 | (2) |
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Theories of Work Motivation in the Multinational Context |
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540 | (19) |
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Need Theories of Motivation |
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540 | (2) |
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Needs and the National Context |
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542 | (4) |
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Process and Reinforcement Theories of Motivation |
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546 | (9) |
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Motivation and Job Design: U.S. and European Perspectives |
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555 | (4) |
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559 | (1) |
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559 | (1) |
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Multinational Management Skill Builder: Planning Motivational Strategies for Different Countries |
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560 | (1) |
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561 | (1) |
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Chapter Case: Chiba International, Inc. |
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|
562 | (8) |
|
Leadership and Management Behavior in Multinational Companies |
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|
570 | (55) |
|
Global Leadership: The New Breed |
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572 | (1) |
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Three Classic Models: A Vocabulary of Leadership |
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573 | (6) |
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573 | (1) |
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574 | (2) |
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576 | (2) |
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Traits, Behaviors, and Contingencies |
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578 | (1) |
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National Context as a Contingency for Leadership Behaviors |
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|
579 | (12) |
|
The National-Context Contingency Model of Leadership: An Overview |
|
|
579 | (3) |
|
Leadership Traits and Behaviours in the National Context |
|
|
582 | (7) |
|
National Context and Preferred Leader-Influence Tactics |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
National Context and Subordinates' Expectations |
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|
589 | (2) |
|
Contemporary Leadership Perspectives: Multinational Implications |
|
|
591 | (5) |
|
Transformational Leadership |
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|
591 | (4) |
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Attributions and Leadership |
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595 | (1) |
|
Global Women Leaders: The Future? |
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|
596 | (2) |
|
Getting Results: Should You Do What Works at Home? |
|
|
598 | (3) |
|
The Cultural Context and Suggested Leadership Styles |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Multinational Management Skill Builder: Leadership Challenges in Mexico |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
Chapter Case: Grupo UNIKO |
|
|
604 | (9) |
|
Integrating Case: Argentina Suites: a Case Study |
|
|
613 | (12) |
|
Part 6 THE ETHICAL CONTEXT OF MULTINATIONAL MANAGEMENT |
|
|
625 | (46) |
|
Managing Ethical and Social Responsibility Challenges in Multinational Companies |
|
|
626 | (45) |
|
What Are International Business Ethics and Social Responsibility? |
|
|
627 | (4) |
|
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
National Differences in Business Ethics and Social Responsibility |
|
|
633 | (8) |
|
Questionable Payments and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act |
|
|
637 | (4) |
|
Toward Transnational Ethics |
|
|
641 | (6) |
|
Pressures for Ethical Convergence |
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
Prescriptive Ethics for the Multinational |
|
|
643 | (4) |
|
The Ethical Dilemma in Multinational Management: How Will You Decide? |
|
|
647 | (5) |
|
Ethical Relativism versus Ethical Universalism |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
Individual Ethical Decision Making for the Multinational Manager |
|
|
649 | (3) |
|
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Multinational Management Skill Builder: Rex Lewis's Ethical Dilemma |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Chapter Case: Tee-Shirts and Tears: Third World Suppliers to First World Markets |
|
|
655 | (16) |
| Glossary |
|
671 | (10) |
| Name Index |
|
681 | (2) |
| Subject Index |
|
683 | (12) |
| Company Index |
|
695 | |