Teaching Vocabulary in All Classrooms

by ;
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2002-01-01
Publisher(s): PRENTICE-HALL
List Price: $41.20

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Summary

Updated with new strategies, ideas, and websites, this research-based book features a wealth of ideas for developing vocabulary in all content areas. Many of the techniques explored in this book have the broader goal of enhancing the acquisition of content knowledge. The authors do an exceptional job of combining a strong research base with field-tested strategies for developing vocabulary in any K-12 classroom. Chapter topics include learning vocabulary from context, integrating vocabulary and reading strategy instruction, learning vocabulary in literature-based reading instruction, learning vocabulary in the content areas, using dictionaries and other references, assessing vocabulary knowledge, vocabulary instruction for learners with special needs, vocabulary and spelling instruction using structural analysis, and wordplay in the classroom. For elementary school teachers of reading, language arts, social studies, science, and remedial education.

Table of Contents

Vocabulary in the Classroom: A Theoretical and Practical Perspective
1(16)
What Does the Research Tell Us About Vocabulary?
2(1)
What Does It Mean to ``Know'' a Word?
3(3)
What Is Effective Vocabulary Instruction?
6(8)
The effective vocabulary teacher builds a word-rich environment in which students are immersed in words for both incidental and intentional learning
7(1)
The effective vocabulary teacher helps students develop as independent word learners
8(1)
The effective vocabulary teacher uses instructional strategies that not only teach vocabulary effectively but model good word-learning behaviors
9(4)
The effective vocabulary teacher uses assessment that matches the goal of instruction
13(1)
Some Last Thoughts
14(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
14(2)
Resources for Further Learning
16(1)
Learning Vocabulary from Context
17(22)
Learning from Context
19(1)
Encouraging Informal Word Learning
20(4)
Developing Rich Language Environments
20(1)
Classroom Labeling
21(2)
Wide Reading
23(1)
Using Technology
23(1)
Learning to Problem-Solve with Context
24(9)
Teaching About Context
26(1)
Metacognitive Context Instruction
26(4)
Using the Cloze Procedure
30(2)
Self-Selected Vocabulary from Context
32(1)
Using Contextual Methods to Present New Vocabulary
33(3)
C(2)QU
33(2)
The Sentence Game
35(1)
Create a Personal Context
36(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
36(1)
For Further Learning
37(2)
Integrating Vocabulary and Reading Strategy Instruction
39(22)
Developing Strategic Reading
40(3)
What Is Strategic Reading?
40(1)
How Is Strategic Reading Developed?
41(1)
Why Connect Vocabulary and Strategic Reading Instruction?
42(1)
Vocabulary in Strategic Reading Instruction
43(4)
Classroom Examples
47(12)
Starting with Graphic Organizers: Vocab-o-Grams
47(5)
Starting with Writing: Story Impressions
52(2)
Starting with Drama: Word Plays
54(1)
Starting with Student Self-Evaluation: Knowledge Rating
55(4)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
59(1)
For Further Learning
59(2)
Learning Vocabulary in Literature-Based Reading Instruction
61(22)
Literature-Based Reading Instruction
63(16)
The Core Book Approach
64(6)
The Literature Unit Approach
70(7)
The Individual Reading Approach
77(2)
Figurative Language
79(3)
Metaphors and Similes
80(1)
Idioms
81(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
82(1)
For Further Learning
82(1)
Learning Vocabulary in the Content Areas
83(26)
Teaching New Meanings for Known Words
86(6)
``Typical-to-Technical'' Meaning Approach
87(1)
Illustrating Different Meanings
87(2)
Vocabulary-Focused K-W-L
89(1)
Clarifying Misconceptions
90(2)
Teaching New Words for New Concepts
92(14)
Strategies That Focus on Discriminating Features
92(3)
Strategies That Focus on Interconnected Concepts
95(5)
Strategies That Focus on Textbooks
100(6)
Teaching New Words for Known Concepts
106(1)
Keyword Method
106(1)
Word Substitution and Matching Exercises
106(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
106(1)
For Further Learning
107(2)
Using Dictionaries and Other References
109(26)
The Nature of Definitions and Defining
111(1)
The Nature of Dictionaries
112(3)
A Brief History of Dictionaries
112(1)
Types of Dictionaries
113(2)
Understanding How to Use a Dictionary
115(15)
Knowing When to Use a Dictionary
116(5)
Knowing How to Locate a Word
121(2)
Knowing the Parts of a Dictionary Entry
123(3)
Choosing Between Multiple Meanings
126(3)
Applying the Meaning
129(1)
Using Dictionaries in the Classroom
130(1)
Knowing Other Resources for Word Learning
131(2)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
133(1)
For Further Learning
133(2)
Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge
135(32)
Assessment for Instruction
138(13)
Assessing Vocabulary Breadth: Word Set Graphics
138(2)
Assessing Vocabulary Depth: Word Maps
140(1)
Assessing Usage
140(3)
Assessing Independent Word-Learning Strategies
143(3)
Teacher-Constructed Tests
146(3)
Keeping Vocabulary Records
149(2)
Standardized Measures of Vocabulary
151(7)
What Are Standardized Measures?
151(1)
Problems with Standardized Tests
152(1)
Standardized Group Vocabulary Tests
153(2)
Specialized Tests
155(3)
Diagnosis for Special Needs
158(6)
Vocabulary Assessment with Informal Reading Inventories
158(3)
Probing IRI Responses
161(1)
Further Exploration
162(1)
Putting It All Together
163(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
164(1)
For Further Learning
165(2)
Vocabulary Instruction for Learners with Special Needs
167(22)
Making Connections Through Topic Relatedness
170(2)
Word Fluency
170(2)
List-Group-Label
172(1)
Making Connections Through Word Relatedness
172(6)
Synonyms
173(3)
Antonyms
176(2)
Analogies
178(1)
Making Connections with Imagery
178(2)
The Keyword Method
178(2)
Making Connections When English Is a Second Language
180(7)
Activate and Use Prior Knowledge
181(2)
Incorporate Tasks That Use Language Purposefully
183(1)
Scaffold the Use of English
183(1)
Focus on Comprehension
184(1)
Incorporate Various Media
185(1)
Have Students Use Multiple Modalities
185(1)
Provide Opportunities for Literacy Work in Students' Native Languages
186(1)
ESL Buddies
186(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
187(1)
For Further Learning
187(2)
Vocabulary and Spelling Instruction Using Structural Analysis
189(14)
Morphological Connections
191(6)
Compound Words
191(1)
Incidental Morphemic Analysis
192(1)
Affixes
193(2)
Root Words
195(2)
Spelling and Morphemic Analysis
197(3)
Word Sorts
198(1)
Silent/Sounded Consonants
199(1)
Consonant and Vowel Alternations
199(1)
Absorbed or Assimilated Prefixes
199(1)
Roots and Combining Forms
200(1)
Etymology
200(2)
Words from Mythology
200(1)
Words from People and Events
201(1)
Looking Back and Looking Ahead
202(1)
For Further Learning
202(1)
Wordplay in the Classroom
203
Why Do Wordplay in the Classroom?
204
Using Books About Words
205
Word Books for Interpretation
205
Investigating Word Genres
208
Using Riddles, Jokes, and Puns
209
Word Riddles
209
Name Riddles
210
Tom Swifties
210
Using Word Games
210
Card Games
211
Race-and-Chase Board Games
212

Excerpts

Vocabulary instruction is like the weather: Everyone talks about it, but no one is quite sure what to do about it. This text is therefore written for preservice and inservice teachers ofallgrade levels and inallcontent areas who recognize the importance of vocabulary development but aren't sure what to do with it in the classroom. This text is also written, however, for teachers who have a sense of direction but who want some new, classroom-tested strategies to renew their curriculum. Focus of the TextResearch and practice emphasize that attention to learning vocabulary is an important part of all content learning as well as a significant part of any literacy program. Therefore, many of the techniques for teaching vocabulary that are explored in this book have the broader goal of enhancing the acquisition of content knowledge. Also explored are independent means of learning vocabulary, such as using metacognitive and contextual cues. New features of this edition include greater attention to the ESL student and an added chapter on spelling and word structure. Also, websites for vocabulary exploration are included for each chapter. Special FeaturesThis book has the following special features to help guide the reader. Prepare Yourself.A knowledge rating activity that introduces the major content issues by asking you to evaluate your own prior knowledge. Strategy Overview Guide.A guide to the instructional strategies highlighted in the chapter. It can also be used as a quick reference tool. Teaching Idea File Cards.Shorthand references to a number of strategies and resources most practical to duplicate into a teacher resource file or curriculum resource guide. For Further Learning.Selected, teacher-friendly references that encourage greater investigation.If you are a reading and language teacher or a content area teacher, if you teach in kindergarten or in high school, if your students are gifted or at risk, this text has ideas for your classroom. If you are a student or a teacher of methods classes in reading and language, in social studies, in science, or in special needs instruction, this book will supplement your other texts by giving you ideas for handling the important vocabulary unique to your classes. We hope that you will use the ideas in the text as springboards for experimentation in your own classrooms. AcknowledgmentsMost of the ideas we share in this text have been developed over the years by teachers in many different classroom situations. We thank you. We have tried to give credit to our contributors wherever possible but know that ideas get adapted, modified, or changed as they meet individual classroom needs. If you, the readers, have any new adaptations or suggestions that we could credit to you in future editions, we would love to hear from you.Our thanks do also go to our colleagues and students at National College of Education of National-Louis University and to the many teachers with whom we work closely. Special thanks to Amy McCann, Becky McTague, Elsie McAvoy, Lily Rodriguez, and Joan Stahl for their ideas and assistance. We are also grateful to our reviewers whose thoughtful ideas helped refine this text: Irene Mosedale, Plymouth State College, New Hampshire; Roger Passman, Ed.D., Texas Tech University; and I. LaVerne Raine, Texas A&M University-Commerce.Lastly, we would like to thank Linda Montgomery and Mary Harlan for helping us bring our work into print. Camille Blachowicz Peter Fisher

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